The Development of CPS and Future Manufacturing Industry: A Comparative Study of Chinese, German and American Policies and Capacity Building
In the global reindustrialization, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) becomes a key system to achieve manufacturing upgrading. This study based on the Service-Dominant (S-D) Logic builds a unified CPS framework from the aspects of technology, capability and application. This paper also analyzes Chinese, German and American related policies and reports to compare the similarities and differences of three countries. Our research finds the global manufacturing is becoming user-centered. In the construction of CPS capability system, China pays great attention to strengthen the industrial foundation, Germany emphasizes highly on manufacturing industry integration, and the United States attaches great importance to the social forces enabled manufacturing innovation.
